Urgent Need for Renewable Energy

IntroductionIn directlys conception the most important thing humans accept is electricity. With come in electricity most of the modern equipment would not work. Similarly fire is needed to function transportation devices. Natural recourses much(prenominal) as coal, anoint and born(p) gas atomic number 18 the basis for producing strength for all kinds of devices. due to the extensive use of these re book of factss they now face extinction. These resources ar classified as non-renewable resources.In this report we will discuss different types of resources which quite a little be apply as a replacement for producing sustainable vigor and oerly the effect on the environs by yearning the speed of light based resources.renewable qualificationrenewable skill is zippo which is derived from ind salutarying resources such as the sun, enclose, tides, streams, rivers, biomass etcetera Renewable button is naturally replenished it is sustainable zipper and does not h arm the environment. About 19% of the worlds electricity requirements argon met by renewably energy.The different types of renewable energy are solar readinessSolar energy is obtained from the sun. sunlight is a source of light and heat for all living things. It provides energy for photosynthesis, the process of plants creating oxygen. Solar energy privy be harnessed and converted to electricity by employ solar panels. Sun is also directly or indirectly responsible for most forms of renewable energy requirements, for pattern heat causes confidential inorganization which intern causes tidal energy. Sunlight causes tree growth some of which supply for biomass energy.HydropowerHydropower is obtained from the force of irrigate flowing d testifystream. Water is continuously recycled by the environmental cycle of precipitation and evaporation. This cycle cause body of water to evaporate and expire buns down to earth in the form of precipitate which makes the rivers flow. This water is also stored in dams which are employ all most the world to generate electricity by turbines and generators. Also energy after part be obtained from tides and ocean waves which can be harnessed to produce electricity.Biomass EnergyThe most third e rural area source of biomass energy is wood. But other sources such as intellectual nourishment crops, plants, agriculture and industrial waste, organic municipal components are also used around the world for producing energy. Biomass can also be converted to biofuel which can be used as an alternative to petrol and diesel to candidacy vehicles and heavy machinery. Hydrogen Hydrogen is one of the most common on our planet. However, it is mostly constitute in combinations with other element in nature. For example water is two part hydrogen and one part oxygen.Hydrogen is a very good source of renewable energy however the engine room needed to extract this element is still in its early stages. presently the most common way of extracting hydrogen is steam hydrocarbons and reforming. Other methods imply thermolysis and electrolysis.Geothermal EnergyThe heat from the earths core produces steam and hot water which can be used generate electricity, or for other purposes interchangeable home heating and generating power in factories. Geothermal energy can be obtained by digging deep underground reservoirs.Wind EnergyWind energy is the transmutation of the power of wind to electricity. Wind energy has been used for oer thousands of age to operate mechanical process such as pumping water, grinding, milling etc. to harness wind energy wind farms are created onshore or offshore, wherever there is abundant of wind energy available by using wind turbines. A wind turbine is a machine which converts the winds kinetic energy into rotatory motion to by using generators to produce electricity. Wind energy is harnessed in some(prenominal) countries including India, Germany, Denmark and the linked States.Reasons f or Using Renewable Energy Sources Using renewable energy saves the environment from the harmful do of babys room gases released in the cash dispenser due to burning of fossil fuels. There is abundant of resources available that are required for renewables such as the sun, water and wind e available all around the world and thus the cost of setting up the base is importantly reduced which provides a good opportunity for developing nations. Renewable energy resources do not cause military conflicts among nations unlike fossil fuels.Renewable energy sources are Inexhaustible i. e. unlike fossil fuels they get replenished quickly. Using renewable resources we can save fossil fuels for future generations for more valuable means. Harnessing renewables also creates job opportunities in new line of productss of science and engineering science. The Fossil raise Dilemma yearning of fossil fuels for meeting our energy requirements causes side effectuate which are becoming a study con cern for environmentalists. These side effects include the creation of carbon dioxide, the expire greenhouse gas and ratifier to world(a) warming.Also ozone stratum depletion and Acid rain are a major concern relating to the environment. Due to the burning of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect the f nimbusish temperature has cutn by one degree Fahrenheit (1F). Acid rain The principal cause of acid rain is the release of sulfur dioxide and due north oxide in the standard pressure which then react with water molecules to produce bitter compounds. Major contributor to this is human activities such as power and electricity generation. Coal power plants are a major cause to producing these gasses.The natural phenomenon causing acid rain is the emission of acidic gases from volcanos. Ozone layer depletion The ozone layer is a layer in the earths atmosphere situated about 20 to 30 kilometers above sea level. The ozone layer contains a high concentrate of the gas ozone (O3). The ozone layers importance is that it absorbs 97 99% of the Suns ultraviolet radiotherapy, which can damage all forms of life on earth. These ultraviolet rays are the main cause of sunburns and excess exposure to this can cause skin cancer. The ozone layer is steadily declining by about 4% per decade from the earths stratosphere.The most significant tear in the earths ozone layer is over the Polar Regions namely Antarctica. This phenomenon is called the Ozone heap. The main compound responsible for the ozone layer depletion is Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) commonly put in refrigerants used in air conditioners and refrigerators. Due to the Ozone Hole over Antarctica polar ice caps are melting which is causing the rise in sea levels, leading to natural disasters such as floods in many parts of the world. spherical Warming Global warming has become in todays world perhaps the most complicated moment faced by the world leader.Scientific bodies present warnings for the increase danger fro m globular warming and ongoing buildup of greenhouse gasses produced mainly by burning of fossil fuels and forests. What is Global warming? Global warming is the heating of the earth out and extend in its average temperature that causes corresponding modality change and it may result from greenhouse effect. This idea was first proposed by Nobel Price-Winning chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1896. He speculated that continued burning of fossil fuels would result in the increase in the earth temperature making it warmer (Global Warming & modality Change, 2012).What Causes of Global Warming? Scientists bedevil examined all the factors that can affect the Earths temperature. Three essential factors can be responsible for recent quick global warming. These are namely The Sun, Earths reflectivity and babys room gases. Out of these three major factors greenhouse effect causes contributes the most to the process. 1. The Sun As we all know sun is a huge clustering of fire. All the clima te changes are powered by the sun. It could have vie an important role in heating up the temperature of the earth.Studies show that since 1985, the sun has changed in ways that if anything, it should have cooled the planet. Therefore sun alone does not cause global warming. 2. Earths reflectivity Earths atmosphere traps 70% of the suns energy and reflects the remaining endure into space. Changes in how much sunlight is absorbed and reflected may change global temperatures. Scientists have calculated how earths reflectivity has changed over time. These raise that a particular type of pollution especially sulfur-containing particles have had a cooling effect masking the effects of greenhouse gases.Since the industrialization of countries, they began to fair(a) up this pollutant and increase their greenhouse emissions. 3. Greenhouse gases All scientific secernate point towards one factor only that is greenhouse gases. It is responsible for the rise in global temperature. Greenhous e gases are many chemical compounds found in the earths atmosphere. They allow sunlight into the earths atmosphere freely. This sunlight when reflected back towards the space by earth in the form of infrared radiation (heat).The greenhouse gases absorb the infrared radiation and trap the heat in earths atmosphere. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earths atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas as thoroughly as wood contribute mainly to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (How we know human activity is causing warming, 2012). Climate change Assessments generally suggest that the Earths climate has change over the past century and that human activity affecting the atmosphere is likely an important driving factor.A National Research Council study go out May 2001 stated, Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earths atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and sub-surface ocean temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes is also a reflection of natural variability. (Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy, 2004) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) was founded in 2009 with the support of World Wind Energy Association and Hermann Scheer the president of EUROSOLAR and chair of the World Council for Renewable Energy. It is a universal governmental organization and Its primary focus is to promote widespread use of renewable energy in all forms with a grab of sustainable development. At the Preparatory missionary post meeting Abu Dhabi was elected as interim headquarters of the Agency. Its main aim is to promote the use of renewable energy and reduce the emission greenhouse gases in the en vironment.IRENA provides advice and support to governments of both(prenominal) industrialized and developing countries on renewable energy policy, capacity building, and technology transfer (irena. org, 2012). Policies for renewable energies in India Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources Indias search for renewable resources that would lead to sustainable development started in early 70s. Realising the need for concentrated efforts in this segment, the Indian political relation attested a Commission for Additional Sources of Energy (CASE) in the Department of Science and Technology in 1981.The directive of CASE is to promote research and development activities in the field of renewable energy. CASE was formally incorporated in 1982, in the tardily created Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (DNES). In 1992 DNES became the Ministry for Non-conventional Energy Sources, commonly known as MNES. The Prime Minister of India has declared a lead of 10% plowshare for R enewable Energy or 10,000 MW in the power generation capacity to be added during the period up to 2012. The broad objectives predicted in the policy are Achieving the minimum energy requirements via Renewable energy. Providing decentralised energy supply in agriculture, industry, commercial and household sectors in rural and urban areas. Providing storage-battery grid persona power. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission The main goal of this mission is to establish India as the global leader in solar energy. This mission was officially launched Manmohan Singh, the prime minister of India. It is a three phase mission where the inaugural phase starts from 2012-2013, 2nd phase from 2013-2017 and 3rd phase from 2017-2022. http//www. nri. org/projects/biomass/conference_papers/policy_material_section_3. pdf) Policies for Renewable resources in US Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) It aims and requires electricity providers to provide a stated cadence of client electricity through renewable resources. Public Benefits Funds for Renewable Energy These are a pool of resources used by the state to provide and invest renewable energy supply projects. These funds are generated by charging a small amount on consumers electricity charges which is called system benefits charge.Output based environmental regulations It establishes emission restrictions per unit of any prolific energy output, with a aim of controlling air pollution and load-bearing(a) renewable energy. Net Metering It allows the clients whether residential or commercial who produce their own renewable energy/electricity such as solar energy to get compensation for the energy/electricity they produce. This requires electricity providers to ensure that customers electricity meter exactly track how much power or electricity is consumed on location/site or reverted to electricity grid.When the electricity produced on location isnt used then it is reverted to the grid when on location production isnt eno ugh to meet the customers need, then the customer uses electricity from the grid. So, surplus electricity is reverted back to the customer at a later stage/time when they else would have paid for it. Financial Incentives Such incentives are provided in some states to advance the development of renewable resources/energy such as tax credits, grants and loans. (http//www. epa. gov/statelocalclimate/state/topics/renewable. hypertext mark-up language) Polices for Renewable resources in AustraliaRenewable Energy Target RET is carve up in two portions, The large scale renewable energy target and small scale renewable energy target. These targets make a financial incentive for investment in renewable energy sources through the formation and trade of certificates. Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) ARENA is a Commonwealth authority which supports innovation that advances the renewable resources/energy technologies which would lead to the increasing supply renewable energy in Aus tralia. (http//australia. gov. au/topics/environment-and-natural-resources/energy)Policies for Renewable resources in UAE The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has announced that Abu Dhabi has the target of achieving 7% renewable energy power generation capacity by the year 2020. Abu Dhabi has committed over $15 billion in renewable energy programs. Masdar City chess opening Established in 2006, Masdar is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Abu Dhabi Government owned Mubadala Development Company. Masdar is a renewable energy company that functions deep down the growing sector of renewable energy and sustainable technologies, as well across the technology development and commercialization spectrum.It focuses in 100% renewable energy, developing a carbon neutral city, zero waste, and being the spunk of excellence in sustainable technology. 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